Showing posts with label symptom. Show all posts
Showing posts with label symptom. Show all posts

Type 1 Vs Type 2 Diabetes


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What is the difference between Type 1 and Type 2?

Type 1 diabetes, in the past, was commonly referred to as juvenile onset. Those effected were commonly children and the reason for diagnosis are typically unexplained. Normal care for Type 1 is diet and exercise and always includes the use of Insulin, normally by injection through an insulin pump or syringes. There is no cure for individuals with the affliction.

Type 2 diabetes was commonly referred to as adult onset diabetes and often effects older adults who typically follow poor eating habits and do not exercise throughout their lives. Often this type is hereditary. Type 2, in many cases, can be cured with a lifestyle change which brings about better eating habits and regular exercise. Normal care for Type 2, like Type 1, also includes diet and exercise, but may include insulin injections or pills.

When I was a child I remember learning a comparison that I never forgot. I can't remember where I learned it, but it was likely in one of the many handouts I received from my doctor or some diabetic group I was involved in, so I can't take the credit for it. The idea is: Type 1 diabetes occurs when the pancreas either does not create insulin cells or creates cells which are dead. Thereby the body has no insulin at it's disposal. Type 2 diabetes occurs when the pancreas creates insulin cells which are tired or old (I often picture the cells with little wooden walking sticks trying to get around the body). The cells are only able to do so much in a Type 2 diabetic because the individual has worn out it's body's ability to care for itself. Although not always, often the individual has followed a poor lifestyle for so long the body can no longer care for itself.

All that being said, the trend for disease is becoming much worse, and more aggressive among those affected by diabetes.

The British Journal of Diabetes drafted an article explaining the decreased age of onset for Type 2 diabetes, a previously categorized adult disease. This statement provides a poor outlook for our populous in general, but with small steps such as adding 30 minutes of exercise per day for both children and adults, and eating better, we can all make a big difference. I challenge each of us to make one change a week, I think you will be happy with the outcome!

Monitoring,treatment and detection of type 2 diabetes

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It is important for regularly monitoring and treat type 2 diabetes as it is a progressive disease. This disease will continue to progress till it is treated. Major effect of type 2 diabetes are skin, eye and foot problems.

1. Detection. Doctors recommend getting tested for diabetes at your annual physical. There are a few different tests that are done to detect Type 2 diabetes. These tests are...
  • HbA1c,
  • Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG),
  • Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT), and
  • Random Plasma Glucose Test.
Usually these tests are repeated at least two times to give accurate results. The results of the test will come out as normal, prediabetes, or Type 2 diabetes. Most people develop prediabetes before developing full-blown diabetes. Prediabetes means that blood sugar levels are higher than normal, but not high enough to be considered diabetes. Being told you have prediabetes is a good chance to make changes that will lower your blood sugar and decrease your chances of developing Type 2 diabetes.

2. Monitoring. If you have diabetes, you most likely need to measure your blood sugar throughout the day. This is the main way you'll monitor your condition. This is usually done through pricking your finger with a lancing device and measuring the sugar level of the drop of blood. Depending...
  • on your age,
  • how long you've had diabetes, and
  • other conditions,
you'll have different targets for your blood sugar results. The targets will also be different depending on the time of day and if it's before or after a meal. The results should then be recorded - either tracked online or written in a log. This record will help your doctor make changes to your treatment if needed.

3. Treatment.
  • diet and exercise: The first step to treating diabetes is usually meal planning, exercise, and weight loss. Some people with Type 2 diabetes can manage it with diet and exercise alone. Other people will need to take medications or insulin to help manage blood sugar levels.
  • oral medications: There are lots of different types of medications doctors can prescribe for diabetes. They work in different ways, including making the cells in the pancreas release more insulin, decreasing the amount of glucose produced by the liver, and making the kidneys excrete more sugar. The type of medication you are prescribed will depend on your unique needs.
  • insulin: If your body isn't using its own insulin correctly, you made need to take insulin. Taking insulin helps your body use sugar for energy. Insulin has to be injected in the skin in order for it to reach the blood. There are several types of insulin that come in different strengths and work for different lengths of time. Most Type 2 diabetics who take insulin need one injection per day.
At the end of the day, you need to consult your doctor if your are diagnose with type 2 diabetes. Manage your eating plan and eat healthier.
 
 

Sudden Diabetes Threat

According to a study from France, the more red meat you eat, the more you may increase your risk of developing type 2 diabetes.

For 14 years, researchers in Paris followed more than 66,000 women who were participating in a long-running study of cancer and nutrition, and observed them for new cases of diabetes. More than 1,300 women in the study developed the disease within the 14 years.

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The researchers reported that women in the top 25 percent for "potential renal acid load" - the potential impact of protein from meat and dairy products on kidney and urine acid levels - had a 56 percent increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes compared to those in the bottom 25 percent. Surprisingly, women of normal weight in the top 25 percent had a 96 percent increased risk compared to a 28 percent increased risk for overweight women in the top 25 percent.

Results of another test, net endogenous acid production, showed a similar increased risk for developing type 2 diabetes with a higher acid load. The researchers reported that the risk persisted after adjusting for other dietary patterns, meat consumption and the amount of fruit, vegetables, coffee and sweetened beverages the women ate. Fruits and vegetables are alkaline and can neutralize acidity.

The French researchers concluded that excess acid can lead to serious metabolic complications, which then reduces the body's ability to regulate insulin levels, leading to diabetes.

My take? The body regulates its acid-base balance very carefully, and the "acid" foods we are talking about here (those that contributes to urine acidity) should not be confused with the special diets or "alkaline water" promoted by internet marketers.

While results of this study must be confirmed in other populations, the findings suggest that a shift in the western diet toward more fruits and vegetables and away from meat and dairy products could help reduce the risk of type 2 diabetes.

A study from Singapore published this year (2013) found that an increased intake of red meat over four years was associated with higher risk of type 2 diabetes during the subsequent four years.

The study also shows that it is more risk if you consume more processed red meat (more than half a serving plate).

Higher Dietary Acid Load Increases Diabetes Risk


Overall acidity of the diet increases the risk of type 2 diabetes, shows study. The findings, are published in Diabetologia, the journal of the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD), and is by Dr Guy Fagherazzi and Dr Françoise Clavel-Chapelon, Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, INSERM, Paris, France, and colleagues.

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A western diet rich in animal products and other acidogenic foods can induce an acid load that is not compensated for by fruit and vegetables; this can cause chronic metabolic acidosis and lead to metabolic complications. Most importantly from a blood-sugar control perspective, increasing acidosis can reduce the ability of insulin to bind at appropriate receptors in the body, and reduce insulin sensitivity. With this in mind, the authors decided to analyse whether increased acidosis caused by dietary acid loads increased the risk of type 2 diabetes. A total of 66,485 women from the E3N study (the French Centre of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition, a well-known ongoing epidemiological study) were followed for new diabetes cases over 14 years. Their dietary acid load was calculated from their potential renal acid load (PRAL) and their net endogenous acid production (NEAP) scores, both standard techniques for assessing dietary acid consumption from nutrient intake.

During follow-up, 1,372 new cases of incident type 2 diabetes occurred. In the overall population, those in the top 25% (quartile) for PRAL had a 56% increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes compared with the bottom quartile. Women of normal weight (BMI of 25 and under) had the highest increased risk (96% for top quartile versus bottom) while overweight women (BMI 25 and over) had only a 28% increased risk (top quartile versus bottom). NEAP scores showed a similar increased risk for higher acid load. The authors say: "A diet rich in animal protein may favour net acid intake, while most fruits and vegetables form alkaline precursors that neutralise the acidity. Contrary to what is generally believed, most fruits such as peaches, apples, pears, bananas and even lemons and oranges actually reduce dietary acid load once the body has processed them.

"In our study, the fact that the association between both PRAL and NEAP scores and the risk of incident type 2 diabetes persisted after adjustment for dietary patterns, meat consumption and intake of fruit, vegetables, coffee and sweetened beverages suggests that dietary acids may play a specific role in promoting the development of type 2 diabetes, irrespective of the foods or drinks that provide the acidic or alkaline components." They conclude: "We have demonstrated for the first time in a large prospective study that dietary acid load was positively associated with type 2 diabetes risk, independently of other known risk factors for diabetes. Our results need to be validated in other populations, and may lead to promotion of diets with a low acid load for the prevention of diabetes. Further research is required on the underlying mechanisms." -source

Researchers close in on cure for Type 1 diabetes


Scientists may be getting closer to finding a stem cell cure for Type 1 diabetes—the type that may require insulin injections for life—after conducting stem cell transplants on mice.
A group of researchers in California said they managed to reverse the equivalent of Type 1 diabetes in mice by transplanting stem cells.
"Here, we describe a stepwise method in which pluripotency reprogramming factors were transiently expressed in fibroblasts in conjunction with a unique combination of soluble molecules to generate definitive endoderm-like cells that did not pass through a pluripotent state. These endoderm-like cells were then directed toward pancreatic lineages using further combinations of small molecules in vitro," they said.
They added the resulting pancreatic progenitor-like cells "could mature into cells of all three pancreatic lineages in vivo, including functional, insulin-secreting β-like cells that help to ameliorate hyperglycemia."
"Our findings may therefore provide a useful approach for generating large numbers of functional β cells for disease modeling and, ultimately, cell-based therapy," they said.
Authors of the paper include Ke Li, Saiyong Zhu, Holger A. Russ, Shaohua Xu, Tao Xu, Yu Zhang, Tianhua Ma, Matthias Hebrok, and Sheng Ding.
A separate report on UK's The Guardian said the researchers' experiments replaced cells in the pancreas unable to make insulin after being damaged by diabetes.
Without insulin, the body will have a hard time absorbing sugars such as glucose from blood. Presently, glucose levels can be monitored and regulated with insulin injections.
The researchers from the Gladstone Institutes in San Francisco collected skin cells (fibroblasts) from laboratory mice and treated them with a mix of molecules and reprogramming factors.
The cells were transformed into endoderm-like cells, the type that eventually mature into the body's major organs including the pancreas.
Li, the lead author, said they used another chemical cocktail to turn these endoderm-like cells into cells that mimicked early pancreas-like cells (PPLCs).
"Our initial goal was to see whether we could coax these PPLCs to mature into cells that, like ß-cells, respond to the correct chemical signals and – most importantly – secrete insulin. And our initial experiments, performed in a petri dish, revealed that they did," Li said.
When the team injected these cells into mice genetically modified to have high glucose levels to mimic the Type 1 diabetes in humans, the mice's glucose levels started to decrease and approach normal levels "just one week post-transplant."
"And when we removed the transplanted cells, we saw an immediate glucose spike, revealing a direct link between the transplantation of the PPLCs and reduced hyperglycemia [high glucose level]," Li said.
Even better, the researchers found the pancreas-like cells turned into fully functional insulin-secreting ß-cells, eight weeks after the transplantation.
"I am particularly excited about the prospect of translating these findings to the human system. Most immediately, this technology in human cells could significantly advance our understanding of how inherent defects in ß-cells result in diabetes, bringing us notably closer to a much-needed cure," said Matthias Hebrok, one of the study's authors and director of the UCSF Diabetes Center.

Living near fast food outlets increases risk for childhood obesity


Children living in areas surrounded by fast food outlets are more likely to be overweight or obese according to new research from the University of East Anglia (UEA) and the Centre for Diet and Activity Research (CEDAR).

New research recently distributed took a gander at weight information from more than a million kids and contrasted it and the accessibility of bad sustenance from outlets incorporating fish and chip shops, burger bars, pizza spots, and sweet shops.

They establish that more senior youngsters specifically are less averse to be overweight when living in close nearness to a high thickness of bad consuming outlets.

It is trusted that the discoveries will help shape arranging approach to help tackle youth heftiness.

Prof Andy Jones, from UEA's Norwich Medical School, headed the exploration. He said: "We establish that the more less than great sustenance outlets there are in a neighbourhood, the more excellent the amount of overweight and fat kids. The outcomes were more affirmed in auxiliary school kids who have additionally using force to pick their own particular nourishment.

"Be that as it may the cooperation was switched in ranges with additional sound nourishment alternatives accessible.

"This is essential on the grounds that there is a pandemic of weight around kids in the UK and other industrialised nations. It can prompt adolescence diabetes, low regard toward oneself, and orthopaedic and cardiovascular issues. It is likewise an enormous issue in light of the fact that around 70 for every penny of corpulent kids and teens additionally happen to have weight issues in later life."

Study co-creator Andreea Cetateanu, from UEA's school of Environmental Sciences, said: "We realize that quick nourishment is more normal in denied ranges of the UK and that over-weight youngsters are less averse to originate from socio-financially denied populaces. Anyhow acquaintanceships between kids' weight and the accessibility of garbage sustenance have not been indicated before at a national scale.

"When we can utilize these discoveries to impact arranging choices and assistance make a more sound nature, we may have the capacity to help turn around this pattern for future eras.

"Open health arrangements to diminish heftiness in kids may as well fuse techniques to anticipate high amassings of quick sustenance and other not so great nourishment outlets. Be that as it may there is no speedy fix - and any intercessions for handling youth heftiness and making situations that are more steady for both physical movement and better dietary decisions must be some piece of the greater picture taking a gander at the entire stoutness framework."

The examination group utilized information from the National Child Measurement Programme which records the stature and weight of one million youngsters at the greater part of state schools in England yearly.

They considered components, for example, individuals living in country areas needing to head out further to purchase nourishment, and different variables, for example, the extent of kids living in low wage families and estimations of green space which have both been connected with activity in youngsters.

Learning Prediabetis

What is Prediabetis?

When peoples develop type 2 diabetes, they practically dependably have "prediabetes" — blood glucose levels that are higher than ordinary not yet sufficiently high to be diagnosed as diabetes.

Specialists in some cases allude to prediabetes as impeded glucose tolerance (IGT) or disabled fasting glucose (IFG), contingent upon what test was utilized when it was distinguished. This condition puts you at a higher hazard for improving sort 2 diabetes and cardiovascular illness .

There are no reasonable indications of prediabetes, in this way, you may have it and not know it.

Some individuals with prediabetes may have a percentage of the indications of diabetes or even issues from diabetes recently. You generally figure out that you have prediabetes when being tried for diabetes.

If  you have prediabetes, you could go for checkedup for type 2 diabetes each one to two years.

Results for prediabetis:
Results indicating prediabetes are:
  • An A1C of 5.7% – 6.4%
  • Fasting blood glucose of 100 – 125 mg/dl
  • An OGTT 2 hour blood glucose of 140 mg/dl – 199 mg/dl
- See more at: http://www.diabetes.org/diabetes-basics/diagnosis/#sthash.nO4UvfI3.dpuf
Results indicating prediabetes are:
  • An A1C of 5.7% – 6.4%
  • Fasting blood glucose of 100 – 125 mg/dl
  • An OGTT 2 hour blood glucose of 140 mg/dl – 199 mg/dl
- See more at: http://www.diabetes.org/diabetes-basics/diagnosis/#sthash.nO4UvfI3.dpuf
Results indicating prediabetes are:
  • An A1C of 5.7% – 6.4%
  • Fasting blood glucose of 100 – 125 mg/dl
  • An OGTT 2 hour blood glucose of 140 mg/dl – 199 mg/dl
- See more at: http://www.diabetes.org/diabetes-basics/diagnosis/#sthash.nO4UvfI3.dpuf
Results indicating prediabetes are:
  • An A1C of 5.7% – 6.4%
  • Fasting blood glucose of 100 – 125 mg/dl
  • An OGTT 2 hour blood glucose of 140 mg/dl – 199 mg/dl
- See more at: http://www.diabetes.org/diabetes-basics/diagnosis/#sthash.nO4UvfI3.dpuf
   -  An A1C of 5.7% – 6.4%
   -  Fasting blood glucose of 100 – 125 mg/dl
   -  An OGTT 2 hour blood glucose of 140 mg/dl – 199 mg/dl

Results also shows that you can prevent your type 2 diabetes by 58% by:

- Losing 7% of your body weight (or 15 pounds if you weigh 200 pounds)
- Exercising moderately (such as brisk walking) 30 minutes a day, five days a week

Diagnosis

There are some approaches to diagnose diabetes. Every way generally needs to be rehashed on a second day to diagnose diabetes. Testing ought to be done in a human services setting, (for example, your specialist's office or a lab). Assuming that your specialist verifies that your blood glucose level is quite high, or when you have excellent manifestations of high blood glucose notwithstanding one positive test, your specialist may not oblige a second test to diagnose diabetes.

<span class='tooltip' style='z-index: 1000;'>A1C<span class='definition'>A1C is a test that measures a person's average blood glucose level over the past 2 to 3 months. Hemoglobin (HEE-mo-glo-bin) is the part of a red blood cell that carries oxygen to the cells and sometimes joins with the glucose in the bloodstream. Also called hemoglobin A1C or glycosylated (gly-KOH-sih-lay-ted) hemoglobin, the test shows the amount of glucose that sticks to the red blood cell, which is proportional to the amount of glucose in the blood.<span class='close-tooltip'>X</span></span></span>FPGOGT
There are several ways to diagnose diabetes. Each way usually needs to be repeated on a second day to diagnose diabetes. Testing should be carried out in a health care setting (such as your doctor’s office or a lab). If your doctor determines that your blood glucose level is very high, or if you have classic symptoms of high blood glucose in addition to one positive test, your doctor may not require a second test to diagnose diabetes. - See more at: http://www.diabetes.org/diabetes-basics/diagnosis/#sthash.nO4UvfI3.dpuf

The A1C test measures your average blood glucose for the past 2 to 3 months. The advantages of being diagnosed this way are that you don't have to fast or drink anything. - See more at: http://www.diabetes.org/diabetes-basics/diagnosis/#sthash.nO4UvfI3.dpuf
 The A1C test measures your average blood glucose for the past 2 to 3 months. The advantages of being diagnosed this way are that you don't have to fast or drink anything. ( blood glucose equal or greater than 6.5%)

FPG test checks your fasting blood glucose levels. Fasting means after not having anything to eat or drink (except water) for at least 8 hours before the test. This test is usually done first thing in the morning, before breakfast. (blood glucose equal or greater than 126mg/dl)

The OGTT is a two-hour test that checks your blood glucose levels before and 2 hours after you drink a special sweet drink. It tells the doctor how your body processes glucose. (blood glucose equal or greater than 200mg/dl)

  • Losing 7% of your body weight (or 15 pounds if you weigh 200 pounds)
  • Exercising moderately (such as brisk walking) 30 minutes a day, five days a week
  • - See more at: http://www.diabetes.org/diabetes-basics/diagnosis/#sthash.nO4UvfI3.dpuf

    The A1C test measures your average blood glucose for the past 2 to 3 months. The advantages of being diagnosed this way are that you don't have to fast or drink anything. - See more at: http://www.diabetes.org/diabetes-basics/diagnosis/#sthash.nO4UvfI3.dpuf

    10 symptoms of Type 2 Diabetes

    Diabetes influences 24 million individuals in the U.s., however just 18 million know they have it. Something like 90% of those individuals have type 2 diabetes.

    In diabetes, raising glucose acts like a toxin. Diabetes is regularly called the quiet executioner in view of its not entirely obvious indications.

    The most ideal approach to get on it is to have a glucose test. Anyway when you have these side effects, see your specialist.

    Very thirsty and frequent urination 

    When you have to urinate often especially assuming that you frequently need to get up around evening time to utilize the lavatory it could be a side effect of diabetes.

    The kidneys kick into high apparatus to dispose of all that additional glucose in the blood, consequently the urge to soothe yourself, some of the time a few times throughout the night.

    The over the top thirst means your physique is attempting to renew those lost liquids.

    Weight Loss

    Excessively high glucose levels can additionally cause quick weight reduction, say 10 to 20 pounds over a few months—however this is not a sound weight reduction.

    Since the insulin hormone isn't getting glucose into the cells, where it might be utilized as vigor, the form supposes its starving and begins breaking down protein from the muscles as an interchange wellspring of fuel.

    The kidneys are additionally working extra minutes to take out the abundance sugar, and this prompts a misfortune of calories (and can hurt the kidneys)

    Hunger

    Hunger, an alternate indication of diabetes, can hail from sharp crests and lows in glucose levels.

    The point when glucose levels dive, the form supposes it hasn't been sustained and aches for a greater amount of the glucose that units requirement to capacity.

    Skin Problems

    Irritated skin, maybe the aftereffect of dry skin or poor course, can regularly be a cautioning indication of diabetes, as are other skin conditions, for example, acanthosis nigricans.

    Slow Healing 

    Cuts, and wounds that don't mend rapidly are an alternate standard indication of diabetes.

    This normally happens in light of the fact that the veins are continuously harmed by the unnecessary measures of glucose venturing to every part of the veins and supply routes.

    This makes it hard for blood—especially blood circulation

    Yeast Infections

    "Diabetes is viewed as an immunosuppressed state," Dr. Collazo-Clavell illustrates. That means elevated weakness to a mixture of contaminations, despite the fact that the most well-known are yeast (candida) and other contagious contaminations, she says. Growths and microscopic organisms both flourish in sugar-rich situations.

    Ladies, specifically, need to watch out for vaginal candida contaminations.

    Fatigue and Irritability

    "The point when individuals have high guilt sugar levels, contingent upon to what extent its been, they can get used to chronically not feeling great," says Dr. Collazo-Clavell. "Here and there that is the thing that carries them into the workplace."

    Getting up to head off to the restroom some times throughout the night will make anybody tired, as will the additional exertion your physique is using to adjust for its glucose insufficiency.

    What's more being tired will make you fractious. "We see individuals whose glucose has been truly high, and when we cut the glucose down, its not exceptional that I listen, 'I didn't understand how awful I felt,'" she says.

    Blurry Vision

    Having contorted vision and seeing floaters or infrequent flashes of light are an immediate consequence of high glucose levels.

    "Blurry vision is a refraction issue. The point when the glucose in the blood is high, it changes the state of the lens and the eye," Dr. Collazo-Clavell demonstrates.

    The great news is that this indication is reversible once glucose levels are come back to ordinary or close typical. Anyway let your glucose go unchecked for long periods and the glucose will cause lasting harm, potentially even lack of sight. What's more that is not reversible.

    Tingling or Numbness

    Shivering and deadness in the hands and feet, plus blazing torment or swelling, are signs that nerves are continuously harmed by diabetes.

    "In the event that (the side effects are) later, its less averse to be reversible," Dr. Collazo-Clavell says.

    Still, as with vision, if glucose levels are permitted to run widespread for a really long time, neuropathy (nerve harm) will be changeless. "That is the reason we attempt to control glucose as fast and conceivable," she says.

    Blood Test

    A few tests are utilized to check for diabetes, yet a solitary test consequence is never enough on its own to diagnose diabetes (the test must be rehashed).

    One is the fasting plasma glucose test, which checks your glucose a night later (or eight hours) of not consuming.

    Blood glucose above 126 milligrams for every deciliter (mg/dl) on two events implies you have diabetes.

    The ordinary cutoff is 99 mg/dl while a glucose level of 100 to 125 mg/dl is acknowledged prediabetes, a genuine condition on its own.

    Diabetics Info



    Symptoms of diabetes include increased urine output, thirst, hunger, and fatigue.

    Diabetes is a chronic condition that relate with abnormal high levels of sugar (glucose) in the blood.

    Blood Glucose in blood is lower by insulin that produced by pancreas.

    Insufficient or lack of insulin creation lowers blood glucose

    There are two types of diabetes which is Type 1 and Type 2

    Diabetes medication hinges on upon the sort and intensity of the diabetes. In the event that oral medicines are still deficient, insulin pharmaceuticals and other injectable drugs are recognized.